SECTION 1704 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
1704.1 General. Where
application is made for construction as described in this
section, the owner or the registered design professional in
responsible charge acting as the owners agent shall
employ one or more special inspectors to provide inspections
during construction on the types of work listed under Section
1704. The special inspector shall be a qualified person who
shall demonstrate competence, to the satisfaction of the building
official, for inspection of the particular type of construction
or operation requiring special inspection. These inspections
are in addition to the inspections specified in Section
109.
Exceptions:
1. Special inspections are
not required for work of a minor nature or as warranted
by conditions in the jurisdiction as approved by the building
official.
2. Special inspections are
not required for building components unless the design
involves the practice of professional engineering or architecture
as defined by applicable state statutes and regulations
governing the professional registration and certification
of engineers or architects.
3. Unless otherwise required
by the building official, special inspections are not
required for occupancies in Group R-3 as applicable in
Section 101.2 and occupancies
in Group U that are accessory to a residential occupancy
including, but not limited to, those listed in Section
312.1.
1704.1.1 Statement of special
inspections. The permit applicant shall submit a statement
of special inspections prepared by the registered design
professional in responsible charge in accordance with Section
106.1 as a condition for permit issuance. This statement
shall be in accordance with Section 1705.
Exceptions:
1. A statement of special
inspections is not required for structures designed and
constructed in accordance with the conventional construction
provisions of Section 2308.
2. The statement of special
inspections is permitted to be prepared by a qualified
person approved by the building official for construction
not designed by a registered design professional.
1704.1.2 Report requirement.
Special inspectors shall keep records of inspections. The
special inspector shall furnish inspection reports to the
building official, and to the registered design professional
in responsible charge. Reports shall indicate that work
inspected was done in conformance to approved construction
documents. Discrepancies shall be brought to the immediate
attention of the contractor for correction. If the discrepancies
are not corrected, the discrepancies shall be brought to
the attention of the building official and to the registered
design professional in responsible charge prior to the completion
of that phase of the work. A final report documenting required
special inspections and correction of any discrepancies
noted in the inspections shall be submitted at a point in
time agreed upon by the permit applicant and the building
official prior to the start of work.
1704.2 Inspection of fabricators.
Where fabrication of structural load-bearing members and assemblies
is being performed on the premises of a fabricators
shop, special inspection of the fabricated items shall be
required by this section and as required elsewhere in this
code.
1704.2.1 Fabrication and
implementation procedures. The special inspector shall
verify that the fabricator maintains detailed fabrication
and quality control procedures that provide a basis for
inspection control of the workmanship and the fabricators
ability to conform to approved construction documents and
referenced standards. The special inspector shall review
the procedures for completeness and adequacy relative to
the code requirements for the fabricators scope of
work.
Exception: Special inspections
as required by Section 1704.2 shall not be required where
the fabricator is approved in accordance with Section 1704.2.2.
1704.2.2 Fabricator approval.
Special inspections required by this code are not required
where the work is done on the premises of a fabricator registered
and approved to perform such work without special inspection.
Approval shall be based upon review of the fabricators
written procedural and quality control manuals and periodic
auditing of fabrication practices by an approved special
inspection agency. At completion of fabrication, the approved
fabricator shall submit a certificate of compliance to the
building official stating that the work was performed in
accordance with the approved construction documents.
1704.3 Steel construction.
The special inspections for steel elements of buildings
and structures shall be as required by Section 1704.3 and
Table 1704.3.
Exceptions:
1. Special inspection of
the steel fabrication process shall not be required where
the fabricator does not perform any welding, thermal cutting
or heating operation of any kind as part of the fabrication
process. In such cases, the fabricator shall be required
to submit a detailed procedure for material control that
demonstrates the fabricators ability to maintain
suitable records and procedures such that, at any time
during the fabrication process, the material specification,
grade and mill test reports for the main stress-carrying
elements are capable of being determined.
2. The special inspector
need not be continuously present during welding of the
following items, provided the materials, welding procedures
and qualifications of welders are verified prior to the
start of the work; periodic inspections are made of the
work in progress; and a visual inspection of all welds
is made prior to completion or prior to shipment of shop
welding.
2.1. Single-pass fillet
welds not exceeding 5/16 inch
(7.9 mm) in size.
2.2. Floor and roof deck
welding.
2.3. Welded studs when
used for structural diaphragm.
2.4. Welded sheet steel
for cold-formed steel framing members such as studs
and joists.
2.5. Welding of stairs
and railing systems.
1704.3.1 Welding. Welding
inspection shall be in compliance with AWS D1.1. The basis
for welding inspector qualification shall be AWS D1.1.
1704.3.2 Details. The
special inspector shall perform an inspection of the steel
frame to verify compliance with the details shown on the
approved construction documents, such as bracing, stiffening,
member locations and proper application of joint details
at each connection.
1704.3.3 High-strength bolts.
Installation of high-strength bolts shall be periodically
inspected in accordance with AISC specifications.
1704.3.3.1 General. While
the work is in progress, the special inspector shall determine
that the requirements for bolts, nuts ,washers and paint;
bolted parts and installation and tightening in such standards
are met. For bolts requiring pretensioning, the special
inspector shall observe the preinstallation testing and
calibration procedures when such procedures are required
by the installation method or by project plans or specifications;
determine that all plies of connected materials have been
drawn together and properly snugged and monitor the installation
of bolts to verify that the selected procedure for installation
is properly used to tighten bolts. For joints required
to be tightened only to the snug-tight condition, the
special inspector need only verify that the connected
materials have been drawn together and properly snugged.
1704.3.3.2 Periodic monitoring.
Monitoring of bolt installation for pretensioning is permitted
to be performed on a periodic basis when using the turn-of-nut
method with matchmarking techniques, the direct tension
indicator method or the alternate design fastener (twist-off
bolt) method. Joints designated as snug tight need be
inspected only on a periodic basis.
1704.3.3.3 Continuous
monitoring. Monitoring of bolt installation for pretensioning
using the calibrated wrench method or the turn-of-nut
method without matchmarking shall be performed on a continuous
basis.
1704.4 Concrete construction.
The special inspections and verifications for concrete construction
shall be as required by this section and Table
1704.4.
Exception: Special inspections
shall not be required for:
1. Isolated spread concrete
footings of buildings three stories or less in height
that are fully supported on earth or rock.
2. Continuous concrete footings
supporting walls of buildings three stories or less in
height that are fully supported on earth or rock where:
2.1. The footings support
walls of light-frame construction;
2.2. The footings are designed
in accordance with Table
1805.4.2; or
2.3. The structural design
of the footing is based on a specified compressive strength,
fc, no greater than 2,500 pounds per
square inch (psi) (17.2 MPa), regardless of the compressive
strength specified in the construction documents or
used in the footing construction.
3. Nonstructural concrete
slabs supported directly on the ground, including prestressed
slabs on grade, where the effective prestress in the concrete
is less than 150 psi (1.03 MPa).
4. Concrete foundation walls
constructed in accordance with Table
1805.5(5).
5. Concrete patios, driveways
and sidewalks, on grade.
1704.4.1 Materials.
In the absence of sufficient data or documentation providing
evidence of conformance to quality standards for materials
in Chapter 3 of ACI 318, the building official shall require
testing of materials in accordance with the appropriate
standards and criteria for the material in Chapter 3 of
ACI 318. Weldability of reinforcement, except that which
conforms to ASTM A 706, shall be determined in accordance
with the requirements of Section 3.5.2
of ACI 318.
1704.5 Masonry construction.
Masonry construction shall be inspected and evaluated in accordance
with the requirements of Sections 1704.5.1 through 1704.5.3,
depending on the classification of the building or structure
or nature of the occupancy, as defined by this code.
Exception: Special inspections
shall not be required for:
1. Empirically designed masonry,
glass unit masonry or masonry veneer designed by Section
2109, 2110 or Chapter 14, respectively,
or by Chapter 5, 7 or 6 of ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402, respectively,
when they are part of structures classified as Occupancy
Category I, II or III in accordance with Section
1604.5.
2. Masonry foundation walls
constructed in accordance with Table
1805.5(1), 1805.5(2),
1805.5(3) or 1805.5(4).
3. Masonry fireplaces, masonry
heaters or masonry chimneys installed or constructed in
accordance with Section 2111, 2112
or 2113, respectively.
1704.5.1 Empirically designed
masonry, glass unit masonry and masonry veneer in Occupancy
Category IV. The minimum special inspection program
for empirically designed masonry, glass unit masonry or
masonry veneer designed by Section 2109,
2110 or Chapter 14, respectively,
or by Chapter 5, 7 or 6 of ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402, respectively,
in structures classified as Occupancy Category IV, in accordance
with Section 1604.5, shall comply
with Table 1704.5.1.
1704.5.2 Engineered masonry
in Occupancy Category I, II or III. The minimum special
inspection program for masonry designed by Section
2107 or 2108 or by chapters other
than Chapters 5, 6 or 7 of ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 in structures
classified as Occupancy Category I, II or III, in accordance
with Section 1604.5, shall comply
with Table 1704.5.1.
1704.5.3 Engineered masonry
in Occupancy Category IV. The minimum special inspection
program for masonry designed by Section
2107 or 2108 or by chapters other
than Chapters 5, 6 or 7 of ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 in structures
classified as Occupancy Category IV, in accordance with
Section 1604.5, shall comply with
Table 1704.5.3.
1704.6 Wood construction.
Special inspections of the fabrication process of prefabricated
wood structural elements and assemblies shall be in accordance
with Section 1704.2. Special inspections
of site-built assemblies shall be in accordance with this
section.
1704.6.1 High-load diaphragms.
High-load diaphragms designed in accordance with Table
2306.3.2 shall be installed with special inspections
as indicated in Section 1704.1. The special inspector shall
inspect the wood structural panel sheathing to ascertain
whether it is of the grade and thickness shown on the approved
building plans. Additionally, the special inspector must
verify the nominal size of framing members at adjoining
panel edges, the nail or staple diameter and length, the
number of fastener lines and that the spacing between fasteners
in each line and at edge margins agrees with the approved
building plans.
1704.7 Soils. Special
inspections for existing site soil conditions, fill placement
and load-bearing requirements shall be as required by this
section and Table 1704.7. The
approved soils report, required by Section
1802.2, and the documents prepared by the registered design
professional in responsible charge shall be used to determine
compliance. During fill placement, the special inspector shall
determine that proper materials and procedures are used in
accordance with the provisions of the approved soils report,
as specified in Section 1803.5.
Exception: Special inspection
is not required during placement of controlled fill having
a total depth of 12 inches (305 mm) or less.
1704.8 Pile foundations.
Special inspections shall be performed during installation
and testing of pile foundations as required by Table
1704.8. The approved soils report, required by Section
1802.2, and the documents prepared by the registered design
professional in responsible charge shall be used to determine
compliance.
1704.9 Pier foundations.
Special inspections shall be performed during installation
and testing of pier foundations as required by Table
1704.9. The approved soils report, required by Section
1802.2, and the documents prepared by the registered design
professional in responsible charge shall be used to determine
compliance.
1704.10 Sprayed fire-resistant
materials. Special inspections for sprayed fire-resistant
materials applied to structural elements and decks shall be
in accordance with Sections 1704.10.1 through 1704.10.5. Special
inspections shall be based on the fire-resistance design as
designated in the approved construction documents.
1704.10.1 Structural member
surface conditions. The surfaces shall be prepared in
accordance with the approved fire-resistance design and
the approved manufacturers written instructions. The
prepared surface of structural members to be sprayed shall
be inspected before the application of the sprayed fire-resistant
material.
1704.10.2 Application.
The substrate shall have a minimum ambient temperature before
and after application as specified in the approved manufacturers
written instructions. The area for application shall be
ventilated during and after application as required by the
approved manufacturers written instructions.
1704.10.3 Thickness.
The average thickness of the sprayed fire-resistant materials
applied to structural elements shall not be less than the
thickness required by the approved fire-resistant design.
Individually measured thickness, which exceeds the thickness
specified in a design by 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm) or more, shall be recorded as the thickness specified
in the design plus 1/4 inch (6.4 mm).
For design thicknesses 1 inch (25 mm) or greater, the minimum
allowable individual thickness shall be the design thickness
minus 1/4 inch (6.4 mm). For design
thicknesses less than 1 inch (25 mm), the minimum allowable
individual thickness shall be the design thickness minus
25 percent. Thickness shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM E 605. Samples of the sprayed fire-resistant materials
shall be selected in accordance with Sections 1704.10.3.1
and 1704.10.3.2.
1704.10.3.1 Floor, roof
and wall assemblies. The thickness of the sprayed
fire-resistant material applied to floor, roof and wall
assemblies shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
E 605 by taking the average of not less than four measurements
for each 1,000 square feet (93 m2) of the sprayed area
on each floor or part thereof.
1704.10.3.2 Structural
framing members. The thickness of the sprayed fire-resistant
material applied to structural members shall be determined
in accordance with ASTM E 605. Thickness testing shall
be performed on not less than 25 percent of the structural
members on each floor.
1704.10.4 Density. The
density of the sprayed fire-resistant material shall not
be less than the density specified in the approved fire-resistant
design. Density of the sprayed fire-resistant material shall
be determined in accordance with ASTM E 605.
1704.10.5 Bond strength. The
cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the cured sprayed fire-resistant
material applied to structural elements shall not be less
than 150 pounds per square foot (psf) (7.18 kN/m2).
The cohesive/adhesive bond strength shall be determined
in accordance with the field test specified in ASTM E 736
by testing in-place samples of the sprayed fire-resistant
material selected in accordance with Sections 1704.10.5.1
and 1704.10.5.2.
1704.10.5.1 Floor, roof
and wall assemblies. The test samples for determining
the cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the sprayed fire-resistant
materials shall be selected from each floor, roof and
wall assembly at the rate of not less than one sample
for every 10,000 square feet (929 m2) or part
thereof of the sprayed area in each story.
1704.10.5.2 Structural
framing members. The test samples for determining
the cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the sprayed fire-resistant
materials shall be selected from beams, girders, joists,
trusses and columns at the rate of not less than one sample
for each type of structural framing member for each 10,000
square feet (929 m2) of floor area or part
thereof in each story.
1704.11 Mastic and intumescent
fire-resistant coatings. Special inspections for mastic
and intumescent fire-resistant coatings applied to structural
elements and decks shall be in accordance with AWCI 12-B.
Special inspections shall be based on the fire-resistance
design as designated in the approved construction documents.
1704.12 Exterior insulation
and finish systems (EIFS). Special inspections shall be
required for all EIFS applications.
Exceptions:
1. Special inspections shall
not be required for EIFS applications installed over a water-resistive
barrier with a means of draining moisture to the exterior.
2. Special inspections shall
not be required for EIFS applications installed over masonry
or concrete walls.
1704.13 Special cases.
Special inspections shall be required for proposed work that
is, in the opinion of the building official, unusual in its
nature, such as, but not limited to, the following examples:
1. Construction materials
and systems that are alternatives to materials and systems
prescribed by this code.
2. Unusual design applications
of materials described in this code.
3. Materials and systems
required to be installed in accordance with additional
manufacturers instructions that prescribe requirements
not contained in this code or in standards referenced
by this code.
[F] 1704.14 Special inspection
for smoke control. Smoke control systems shall be tested
by a special inspector.
[F] 1704.14.1 Testing scope.
The test scope shall be as follows:
1. During erection of ductwork
and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing
and recording of device location.
2. Prior to occupancy and
after sufficient completion for the purposes of pressure
difference testing, flow measurements and detection and
control verification.
[F] 1704.14.2 Qualifications.
Special inspection agencies for smoke control shall
have expertise in fire protection engineering, mechanical
engineering and certification as air balancers.
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