SECTION 705 FIRE WALLS
705.1 General. Each portion
of a building separated by one or more fire walls that comply
with the provisions of this section shall be considered a
separate building. The extent and location of such fire walls
shall provide a complete separation. Where a fire wall also
separates occupancies that are required to be separated by
a fire barrier wall, the most restrictive requirements of
each separation shall apply.
705.1.1 Party walls.
Any wall located on a lot line between adjacent buildings,
which is used or adapted for joint service between the two
buildings, shall be constructed as a fire wall in accordance
with Section 705. Party walls shall be constructed without
openings and shall create separate buildings.
705.2 Structural stability.
Fire walls shall have sufficient structural stability under
fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either
side without collapse of the wall for the duration of time
indicated by the required fire-resistance rating.
705.3 Materials. Fire
walls shall be of any approved noncombustible materials.
Exception: Buildings of
Type V construction.
705.4 Fire resistance rating.
Fire walls shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less
than that required by Table 705.4.
a.
Walls
shall be not less than 2-hour fire-resistance rated where
separating buildings of Type II or V construction.
b.
For
Group H-l, H-2 or H-3 buildings, also see Sections
415.4 and 415.5.
705.5 Horizontal continuity.
Fire walls shall be continuous from exterior wall to exterior
wall and shall extend at least 18 inches (457 mm) beyond the
exterior surface of exterior walls.
Exceptions:
1. Fire
walls shall be permitted to terminate at the interior surface
of combustible exterior sheathing or siding provided the
exterior wall has a fire-resistance rating of at least 1
hour for a horizontal distance of at least 4 feet (1220
mm) on both sides of the fire wall. Openings within such
exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives
having a fire protection rating of not less than 3/4
hour. 2.
Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the interior
surface of noncombustible exterior sheathing, exterior siding
or other noncombustible exterior finishes provided the sheathing,
siding, or other exterior noncombustible finish extends
a horizontal distance of at least 4 feet (1220 mm) on both
sides of the fire wall. 3.
Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the
interior surface of noncombustible exterior sheathing where
the building on each side of the fire wall is protected
by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
705.5.1 Exterior walls.
Where the fire wall intersects the exterior walls, the fire-resistance
rating for the exterior walls on both sides of the fire
wall shall have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating with 3/4-hour
opening protection where opening protection is required.
The fire-resistance rating of the exterior wall shall extend
a minimum of 4 feet (1220 mm) on each side of the intersection
of the fire wall to exterior wall. Exterior wall intersections
at fire walls that form an angle equal to or greater than
180 degrees (3.14 rad) do not need exterior wall protection.
705.5.2 Horizontal projecting
elements. Fire walls shall extend to the outer edge
of horizontal projecting elements such as balconies, roof
overhangs, canopies, marquees and similar projections that
are within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the fire wall.
Exceptions:
1. Horizontal
projecting elements without concealed spaces, provided the
exterior wall behind and below the projecting element has
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for
a distance not less than the depth of the projecting element
on both sides of the fire wall. Openings within such exterior
walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire
protection rating of not less than 3/4
hour. 2. Noncombustible
horizontal projecting elements with concealed spaces, provided
a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall extends through
the concealed space. The projecting element shall be separated
from the building by a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance-rated
construction for a distance on each side of the fire wall
equal to the depth of the projecting element. The wall is
not required to extend under the projecting element where
the building exterior wall is not less than 1-hour fire-resistance
rated for a distance on each side of the fire wall equal to
the depth of the projecting element. Openings within such
exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having
a fire protection rating of not less than 3/4 hour.
3. For combustible
horizontal projecting elements with concealed spaces, the
fire wall need only extend through the concealed space to
the outer edges of the projecting elements. The exterior wall
behind and below the projecting element shall be of not less
than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance
not less than the depth of the projecting elements on both
sides of the fire wall. Openings within such exterior walls
shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire-protection
rating of not less than 3/4 hour.
705.6 Vertical continuity.
Fire walls shall extend from the foundation to a termination
point at least 30 inches (762 mm) above both adjacent roofs
Exceptions:
1.Stepped buildings in accordance
with Section 705.6.1.
2.Two-hour fire-resistance-rated
walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside
of the roof sheathing, deck or slab provided:
2.1. The lower roof assembly
within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the wall has not less than
a 1-hour fire-resistance rating and the entire length
and span of supporting elements for the rated roof assembly
has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.
2.2. Openings in the roof
shall not be located within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the
fire wall.
2.3. Each building shall
be provided with not less than a Class B roof covering.
3. Walls shall be permitted
to terminate at the underside of noncombustible roof sheathing,
deck, or slabs where both buildings are provided with
not less than a Class B roof covering. Openings in the
roof shall not be located within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the
fire wall.
4.In buildings of Type III,
IV and V construction, walls shall be permitted to terminate
at the underside of combustible roof sheathing or decks
provided:
4.1. There are no openings
in the roof within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the fire wall,
4.2. The roof is covered
with a minimum Class B roof covering, and
4.3. The roof sheathing
or deck is constructed of fire-retardant-treated wood
for a distance of 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of
the wall or the roof is protected with 5/8
inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board directly beneath
the underside of the roof sheathing or deck, supported
by a minimum of 2-inch (51 mm) nominal ledgers attached
to the sides of the roof framing members for a minimum
distance of 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire
wall.
5. Buildings located above
a parking garage designed in accordance with Section
509.2 shall be permitted to have the fire walls for
the buildings located
above the parking garage extend from the horizontal separation
between the parking garage and the buildings.
705.6.1 Stepped buildings.
Where a fire wall serves as an exterior wall for a building
and separates buildings having different roof levels, such
wall shall terminate at a point not less than 30 inches (762
mm) above the lower roof level, provided the exterior wall
for a height of 15 feet (4572 mm) above the lower roof is
not less than l-hour fire-resistance-rated construction from
both sides with openings protected by fire assemblies having
a fire protection rating of not less than 3/4
hour.
Exception: Where the fire
wall terminates at the underside of the roof sheathing, deck
or slab of the lower roof, provided: 1.
The lower roof assembly within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the wall
has not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating and the
entire length and span of supporting elements for the rated
roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than
1 hour. 2.
Openings in the lower roof shall not be located
within 10 feet (3048 mm)
of the fire wall.
705.7 Combustible framing
in fire walls. Adjacent combustible members entering
into a concrete or masonry fire wall from opposite sides shall
not have less than a 4-inch (102 mm) distance between embedded
ends. Where combustible members frame into hollow walls or
walls of hollow units, hollow spaces shall be solidly filled
for the full thickness of the wall and for a distance not
less than 4 inches (102 mm) above, below and between the structural
members, with noncombustible materials approved for fire blocking.
705.8 Openings. Each opening
through a fire wall shall be protected in accordance with
Section 715.4 and shall not exceed
120 square feet (11 m2),
The aggregate width
of openings at any floor level shall not exceed 25 percent
of the length of the wall.
Exceptions: 1.
Openings are not permitted in party walls constructed in accordance
with Section 705.1.1. 2.
Openings shall not be limited to 120 square feet (11 m2)
where both buildings are equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1.
705.9 Penetrations. Penetrations
of fire walls shall comply with Section
712.
705.10 Joints. Joints
made in or between fire walls shall comply with Section
713.
705.11 Ducts and air transfer
openings. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not penetrate
fire walls.
Exception: Penetrations
by ducts and air transfer openings of fire walls that are
not on a lot line shall be allowed provided the penetrations
comply with Sections 712 and 716.
The size and aggregate width of all openings shall not exceed
the limitations of Section 705.8.
|