SECTION
414 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
[F]
414.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply
to buildings and structures occupied for the manufacturing,
processing, dispensing, use or storage of hazardous materials.
[F] 414.1.1 Other provisions.
Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall
also comply with the applicable provisions of Section
415 and the International Fire Code.
[F]
414.1.2 Materials. The safe design of hazardous material
occupancies is material dependent. Individual material requirements
are also found in Sections 307 and
415, and in the International Mechanical
Code and the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.1.2.1 Aerosols.
Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall be stored and displayed
in accordance with the International Fire Code.
See Section 311.2 and the
International Fire Code for occupancy group requirements.
[F] 414.1.3 Information required.
Separate floor plans shall be submitted for buildings and
structures with an occupancy in Group H, identifying the
locations of anticipated contents and processes so as to
reflect the nature of each occupied portion of every building
and structure. A report identifying hazardous materials
including, but not limited to, materials representing hazards
that are classified in Group H to be stored or used, shall
be submitted and the methods of protection from such hazards
shall be indicated on the construction documents. The opinion
and report shall be prepared by a qualified person, firm
or corporation approved by the building official and shall
be provided without charge to the enforcing agency.
[F] 414.2 Control areas.
Control areas shall comply with Sections 414.2.1 through 414.2.5
and the International Fire Code.
414.2.1 Construction requirements.
Control areas shall be separated from each other by fire
barriers constructed in accordance with Section
706 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance
with Section 711, or both.
[F]
414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities.
The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous
materials per control area permitted at each floor level
within a building shall be in accordance with Table
414.2.2.
[F]
414.2.3 Number. The maximum number of control areas
within a building shall be in accordance with Table
414.2.3.
414.2.4
Fire-resistance-rating requirements. The. required fire-resistance
rating for fire barriers shall be in accordance with Table
414.2.2. The floor construction of the control area
and the construction supporting the floor of the control
area shall have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating.
Exception: The floor
construction of the control area and the construction supporting
the floor of the control area is allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance
rated in buildings of Type II A, IlI A and VA construction,
provided that both of the following conditions exist:
1. The
building is equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1, and
2.
The building is three stories or less in height.
[F] 414.2.5 Hazardous material
in Group M display and storage areas and in Group S storage
areas. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid
and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials
permitted within a single control area of a Group M display
and storage area, a Group S storage area or an outdoor control
area is permitted to exceed the maximum allowable quantities
per control area specified in Tables
307.1(1) and 307.1(2)
without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy,
provided that the materials are displayed and stored in
accordance with the International Fire Code and quantities
do not exceed the maximum allowable specified in Table
414.2.5(1). In Group M occupancy wholesale and retail
sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible
liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities
per control area as indicated in Table
414.2.5(2), provided that the materials are displayed
and stored in accordance with the International Fire Code.
The maximum quantity of aerosol
products in Group M occupancy retail display areas, storage
areas adjacent to retail display areas and retail storage
areas shall be in accordance with the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.3 Ventilation.
Rooms, areas or spaces of Group H in which explosive, corrosive,
combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes,
vapors or gases are or may be emitted due to the processing,
use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically
ventilated as required by the International Fire Code and
the International Mechanical Code. Ducts conveying explosives
or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall extend directly
to the exterior of the building without entering other spaces.
Exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts and plenums.
Exception: Ducts conveying
vapor or fumes having flammable constituents less than 25
percent of their lower flammable limit (LFL) are permitted
to pass through other spaces. Emissions
generated at workstations shall be confined to the area in
which they are generated as specified in the International
Fire Code and the International
Mechanical Code. The
location of supply and exhaust openings shall be in accordance
with the International Mechanical Code. Exhaust air
contaminated by highly toxic material shall be treated in
accordance with the International Fire Code.
A manual shutoff control for ventilation
equipment required by this section shall be provided outside
the room adjacent to the principal access door to the room.
The switch shall be of the break-glass type and shall be labeled:
VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.
[F] 414.4 Hazardous material
systems. Systems involving hazardous materials shall be
suitable for the intended application. Controls shall be designed
to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or reaction
systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. Automatic
controls, where provided, shall be designed to be fail safe.
[F] 414.5 Inside storage, dispensing
and use. The inside storage, dispensing and use of hazardous
materials in excess of the maximum allowable quantities per
control area of Tables 307.1(1)
and 307.1(2) shall be in
accordance with Sections 414.5.1 through 414.5.5 of this code
and the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.5.1 Explosion control.
Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the
International Fire Code as required by Table
414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous materials specified
in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in
Table 307.1(1) or where
a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving
explosion hazards as required by Section
415 or the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.5.2 Monitor control
equipment. Monitor control equipment shall be provided
where required by the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.5.3 Automatic fire
detection systems. Group H occupancies shall be provided
with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with
Section 907.2.
[F] 414.5.4 Standby or emergency
power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems,
temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically
operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided
with an emergency or standby power system in accordance
with this code or the ICC Electrical Code.
Exceptions:
1. Storage
areas for Class I and II oxidizers.
2. Storage
areas for Class III, IV and V organic peroxides.
3. Storage,
use and handling areas for highly toxic or toxic materials
as provided for in the International Fire Code.
4. Standby
power for mechanical ventilation, treatment
systems and temperature control systems shall not be required
where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
[F] 414.5.5 Spill control,
drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas
occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials
shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to
contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water
discharged in the storage area where required in the International
Fire Code. The methods of spill control shall be
in accordance with the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.6 Outdoor storage,
dispensing and use. The outdoor storage, dispensing and
use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the
International Fire Code.
[F] 414.6.1 Weather protection.
Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor
hazardous material storage or use areas, such areas shall
be considered outdoor storage or use when the weather protection
structure complies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.
[F] 414.6.1.1 Walls.
Walls shall not obstruct more than one side of the structure.
Exception: Walls shall
be permitted to obstruct portions of multiple sides of the
structure, provided that the obstructed area does not exceed
25 percent of the structure's perimeter.
[F] 414.6.1.2 Separation
distance. The distance from the structure to buildings,
lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public
way shall not be less than the distance required for an
outside hazardous material storage or use area without
weather protection.
[F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible
construction. The overhead structure shall be of
approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area
of 1,500 square feet (140 m2),
Exception: The increases
permitted by Section 506 apply.
[F] 414.7 Emergency alarms.
Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of
an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided
as set forth herein.
[F] 414.7.1 Storage.
An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided
in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous
materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed
outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage
buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating
device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an
emergency situation involving hazardous materials.
[F] 414.7.2 Dispensing, use
and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard
ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported
through corridors or exit enclosures, there shall be an
emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station
or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than
ISO-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit
access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal
shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or
remote station service or constantly attended on-site location
and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.
[F] 414.7.3 Supervision.
Emergency alarm systems shall be supervised by an approved
central, proprietary or remote station service or shall
initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended
on-site location.
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